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Direct linkMilitsa G. Ivanova; Hanna Eklöf; Michalis P. Michaelides – Journal of Applied Testing Technology, 2025
Digital administration of assessments allows for the collection of process data indices, such as response time, which can serve as indicators of rapid-guessing and examinee test-taking effort. Setting a time threshold is essential to distinguish effortful from effortless behavior using item response times. Threshold identification methods may…
Descriptors: Test Items, Computer Assisted Testing, Reaction Time, Achievement Tests
Download full textCongning Ni; Bhashithe Abeysinghe; Juanita Hicks – International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 2025
The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), often referred to as The Nation's Report Card, offers a window into the state of U.S. K-12 education system. Since 2017, NAEP has transitioned to digital assessments, opening new research opportunities that were previously impossible. Process data tracks students' interactions with the…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Multiple Choice Tests, Behavior Change, National Competency Tests
