This research will analyze the issues encountered by two science teachers implementing Arduino-based robotic coding projects. This research employed a case study design. This research has used a criterion sampling group. This study used semi-structured observation, interviews, and video observations as data collection tools. The teachers conducted…

Pre-tertiary students conducting authentic scientific research is an internationally occurring phenomenon, but it is currently poorly reported and understood in the literature. Consequently, how science teachers may best support students in their learning during authentic inquiry is functionally still opaque and not well-developed, and this paints…

Students vary in their perceptions of teachers' motivational supports, even within the same classroom, but it is unclear why this is the case. To enable the design of equitable environments and understand the theoretical nature of motivational climate, this study explored demographic differences in university students' perceptions of instruction…