The Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion technique is used as a teaching tool for studying immune responses and exemplifying differences in antigen-antibody reactions. Although commonplace in undergraduate labs, standardized commercial kits limit learning experiences because they have fixed modalities of use, a low shelf-life, and impose budgetary…

This study aimed to explore the perceptions of nursing students regarding the flipped classroom and Kahoot! application used in intramuscular (IM) injection teaching. This study was conducted using a descriptive qualitative approach with 16 nursing students. Semi-structured open-ended questions was used in-depth face-to-face individual interviews.…

The COVID-19 pandemic brought the importance of vaccination and public attitudes toward it firmly to the fore. However, vaccine hesitancy and refusal remain significant barriers to global uptake, with post-pandemic declines in routine immunization contributing to disease outbreaks worldwide. Research shows that education plays a vital role in…