Every academic year, millions of college students change institutions before degree completion, confronting the challenge of validating credits across colleges. Despite state-level efforts to legislate strategies for smoother transfers, actual credit recognition relies on non-state-regulated bilateral partnerships that are more (i.e., articulation…

Tennessee state law (see Tenn. Code Ann., § 49-5-108(c)(6)) allows for teachers and instructional leaders who hold a license in a state other than Tennessee to obtain equivalent licensure in Tennessee. Educators who hold full, valid professional out-of-state licenses that adhere to reciprocal agreements with the State Board of Education are…

Online education has grown rapidly over the past decade. By 2020, one in four undergraduates were enrolled in exclusively online programs, double the number enrolled in 2012. The policy landscape concerning online education changed markedly with the establishment of the State Authorization Reciprocity Agreement (SARA) in 2014. This regulatory…