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Innes, Pamela; Skaptadóttir, Unnur Dís – Current Issues in Language Planning, 2017
Legislation linking language course attendance and passage of a language test for residence visas and citizenship, respectively, was enacted in Iceland in the early 2000s. Curricular guidelines and the language test were developed as a result. Research in other countries suggests such structures cause teachers to create "de facto"…
Descriptors: Adult Students, Second Language Learning, Indo European Languages, Guidelines
Love, Stephanie V. – Current Issues in Language Planning, 2015
Since Italy's unification in 1861, the establishment and diffusion of the standard Italian language at the expense of all other linguistic varieties has dominated language and education policy discourses. Today, as Italy has transformed from a country of mass "emigration" to a country of mass "immigration," the language…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Multilingualism, Italian