In 2010, Illinois passed legislation making significant changes to its principal preparation and licensure policies. With the goal of improving student outcomes and closing achievement gaps, the state updated standards for principal preparation programs with a focus on instructional leadership. Illinois's reforms were ambitious, requiring all…

This paper explores Illinois's shift from a general administrative license, called a "Type 75" license, to a "PK-12 Principal Endorsement." It includes both a history of the reform efforts and a look at how implementation has fared nearly a decade after the legislation was signed into law. It also offers lessons and…

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify limitations in managing the implementation of effective teaching and learning in township ECD centres. Design/methodology/approach: This research was grounded in a community-based participatory research approach. A qualitative research design was utilised because phenomena could be studied in terms…