Phonological processing of written characters has been recognized as a crucial element in acquiring literacy in any language, both native and foreign. This study aimed to assess Japanese primary school students' phoneme-grapheme recognition skills using both paper-based and touch-interface tests. Differences between the two test formats and the…

We examined the relationship between pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) test scores and elementary school teachers' psychological variables, conceptions of teaching and learning and test utilization strategy, for mathematics. Through a web-based survey, participants responded to a six-item descriptive PCK test and to inventories of conceptions of…

Taking commercial English language tests is becoming common practice among young English learners in Japan. With a specific focus on the "Jido Eiken" test, this study examines English language test-taking activity by analyzing textual data retrieved from three data sources. "Jido Eiken" is found to represent a complex…