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Xuemin Gao; Yuqin Yang; Yuxia Du; Daner Sun – Journal of Educational Computing Research, 2025
Block-based visual programming tools are widely used in elementary education. Nonetheless, these tools alone may not ensure the spontaneous and efficient acquisition of concepts and skills in computational thinking (CT). Using mind mapping as a form of scaffolding to facilitate the visualization of abstract thinking processes may enhance the…
Descriptors: Computation, Thinking Skills, Programming, Cognitive Mapping
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Andreas Giannakoulas; Stelios Xinogalos – Journal of Educational Computing Research, 2025
This study critically reviews sixteen empirical studies that investigate the various difficulties that primary school students encounter while learning programming through educational games. Specifically, the challenges that students face in understanding basic programming concepts and the game elements that contribute to these difficulties, as…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Elementary School Teachers, Programming, Game Based Learning
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Su, Yu-Sheng; Shao, Mingming; Zhao, Li – Journal of Educational Computing Research, 2022
Scratch, a kind of visual programming software, has been widely used in instruction for primary school children. Scratch constructs a digital world for children to design, develop, and create coursework in which their creative thinking is fostered. Different instructional methods have been designed and implemented to stimulate children's creative…
Descriptors: Cognitive Mapping, Creative Thinking, Creativity Tests, Computer Software
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Chou, Pao-Nan – Journal of Educational Computing Research, 2020
This study investigated young children's computational thinking (CT) development by integrating ScratchJr into a programming curriculum. Twelve third graders (six males and six females) voluntarily participated in an experiment-based computer class conducted at a public elementary school in Taiwan. This study adopted a case study methodology to…
Descriptors: Grade 3, Computer Science Education, Thinking Skills, Elementary School Students
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Zhong, Baichang; Si, Qiuju – Journal of Educational Computing Research, 2021
Studies have indicated the importance of scaffolding in the problem-solving process, as well as the potential of integrating learning content into the troubleshooting tasks. However, few have explored in depth the learning process during troubleshooting via scaffolds while also taking students' cognitive load into account. To address this issue,…
Descriptors: Troubleshooting, Scaffolding (Teaching Technique), Instructional Effectiveness, Difficulty Level
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Hadad, Shlomit; Shamir-Inbal, Tamar; Blau, Ina; Leykin, Eynat – Journal of Educational Computing Research, 2021
This study explored (1) pedagogical strategies in Educational Coding and Robotics (ECR) learning which can develop computational thinking of students and (2) the degree of teacher centrality in the ECR classroom. In addition, we investigated (3) the added value of the Small Private Online Course (SPOC) to teacher professional development (TPD). We…
Descriptors: Professional Development, Inservice Teacher Education, Elementary School Teachers, Programming
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Tran, Yune – Journal of Educational Computing Research, 2019
The Computer Science Teachers Association has asserted that computational thinking equips students with essential critical thinking which allows them to conceptualize, analyze, and solve more complex problems. These skills are applicable to all content area as students learn to use strategies, ideas, and technological practices more effectively as…
Descriptors: Equal Education, Elementary School Students, Pretests Posttests, Computer Science Education
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Thomas, Michael K.; Ge, Xun; Greene, Barbara A. – Journal of Educational Computing Research, 2011
This study used technology-rich ethnography (TRE) to examine the use of game development in a high school computer programming class for the development of 21st century skills. High school students created games for elementary school students while obtaining formative feedback from their younger clients. Our experience suggests that in the…
Descriptors: Video Games, Ethnography, Programming, Skill Development