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Academic Delay of Gratification and Children's Study Time Allocation as a Function of Proximity to Consequential Academic Goals
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Zhang, Lili; Karabenick, Stuart A.; Maruno, Shun'ichi; Lauermann, Fani – Learning and Instruction, 2011
Students (N=302) in Chinese elementary schools were assessed regarding their academic delay of gratification (ADOG) and reported the time they devoted to non-school study and playtime during an extended interval prior to taking a high-stakes final exam. Students high compared those low in ADOG were more likely to spend time studying and less time…
Descriptors: Delay of Gratification, Time Management, Learning Strategies, Student Motivation
The Cross-Lagged Relations between Children's Academic Skill Development, Task-Avoidance, and Parental Beliefs about Success
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Magi, Katrin; Lerkkanen, Marja-Kristiina; Poikkeus, Anna-Maija; Rasku-Puttonen, Helena; Nurmi, Jari-Erik – Learning and Instruction, 2011
This longitudinal study investigated the cross-lagged associations between children's academic skill development, task-avoidant behaviour in the context of homework, and parental beliefs about their child's success from kindergarten to Grade 2. The participants were 1267 children. The children's pre-skills were assessed at the end of the…
Descriptors: Homework, Mothers, Parent Participation, Kindergarten