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Direct linkEngledowl, Christopher; Al-younes, Mohammad; Chamberlin, Barbara; Stanford, Ted – School Science and Mathematics, 2021
Algebra has long been a gatekeeper to more advanced mathematics and to tertiary education. International assessments, such as PISA, have also shown that this trend extends beyond borders, making the topic of when algebra should be learned quite political. Many reforms have been instituted since the early 1990s to infuse algebraic thinking into…
Descriptors: Algebra, Mathematics Instruction, Elementary School Students, Mathematics Skills
Burns, Barbara A.; Hamm, Ellen M. – School Science and Mathematics, 2011
The primary purpose of this classroom experiment was to examine the effectiveness of concrete (hands-on) manipulatives as compared with virtual (computer-based) manipulatives on student review of fraction concepts in third grade and introduction of symmetry concepts in fourth grade. A pretest-posttest design was employed with a sample of 91…
Descriptors: Manipulative Materials, Grade 4, Grade 3, Computer Uses in Education
