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Richard L. Sparks; Abdullah Alamer – Language Teaching Research, 2025
Although researchers have found strong relationships between first language (L1) skills and second language (L2) anxiety, less is known about how L1 skills in primary school impact L2 anxiety years after L1 has been acquired. Previous research lacked evidence for the mediating role of L2 aptitude and L2 achievement in the relationship. This study…
Descriptors: Language Skills, Second Language Learning, Anxiety, Elementary School Students
Yan Zhu; Yue Liu; Dingfang Shu; Beilei Wang – Language Awareness, 2025
While CLIL programmes have been extensively researched for their impact on L2 learning outcomes, the relationship between young learners' L2 proficiency and subject knowledge has received less attention. This study aimed to address this research gap by examining the science content knowledge of two cohorts of Grade 5 students (n = 100) from two…
Descriptors: Content and Language Integrated Learning, Second Language Learning, Science Achievement, Language Proficiency
Philip Thierfelder; Gladys Tang; Jia Li – Deafness & Education International, 2024
This study followed the development of Hong Kong Sign Language (HKSL) proficiency in 31 deaf bimodal bilingual children (kindergarten through Primary 6) over two years. The Hong Kong Sign Language Elicitation Tool (HKSL-ET) was used at three time points to elicit the production of agreement, classifier, modal, negation, and wh-question structures.…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Sign Language, Language Proficiency, Deafness
Amparo Lázaro-Ibarrola; Raúl Azpilicueta-Martínez – Language Teaching Research, 2024
Motivation to learn languages strongly correlates with language achievement, and the school context has a great influence on the motivation of young learners (YLs). A key rationale for the implementation of content and language integrated learning (CLIL) programs, therefore, was pupil motivation. Very few studies have measured motivation in this…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, English (Second Language), Learning Motivation
John Martin Metallo – ProQuest LLC, 2024
The number of English language learners (ELLs) has increased. The problem is ELLs in a middle Tennessee Charter School network meet challenges in achieving English proficiency, thus limiting academic and social prospects. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to determine if there was a relationship between leader-led…
Descriptors: Language Teachers, Second Language Instruction, English Language Learners, Faculty Development
Michael Anthony Vives – ProQuest LLC, 2024
This study explores the relationship between English Learners (ELs) in the Texas school system and their outcomes on the State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness (STAAR) tests and the Texas English Language Proficiency Assessment System (TELPAS). Schumann's Acculturation Model and Krashen's Input Hypothesis were used as theoretical…
Descriptors: English Language Learners, Language Proficiency, English (Second Language), Correlation
Isabelle Udry; Raphael Berthele – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2025
Academic self-concept (ASC) is a student's self-perceived level of ability in an academic domain and a major factor involved in academic performance. We examined the importance of internal/external sources of evaluation for the structure of L2 and L3 ASCs in two groups of 5th/6th graders learning English and French in Switzerland (mean age: 12.1).…
Descriptors: Self Concept, Academic Ability, Grade 5, Grade 6
Susanna Siu-sze Yeung; Ronnel B. King; Shen Qiao – Language Awareness, 2025
Research has established the link between socioeconomic status (SES) and children's reading development. However, the theoretical mechanisms underlying the association between them have yet to be fully understood. Moreover, few previous studies exploring the mechanisms tapped both first language (L1) and second language (L2) at the same time. In…
Descriptors: Socioeconomic Status, Reading Comprehension, Native Language, Second Language Learning
Reuben Vyn – Foreign Language Annals, 2024
In recent years, the use of external proficiency-based tests to measure learners' language ability has increased significantly, in part thanks to the Seal of Biliteracy movement. However, there exists very limited research investigating the influence of such tests and their subsequent outcomes data on teachers' practices. As such, this study…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Language Proficiency, Literacy, Bilingualism
Melissa van der Elst-Koeiman; Eliane Segers; Ronald Severing; Ludo Verhoeven – Journal of Multilingual Education Research, 2025
This study examined how Papiamento and Dutch attitude and home literacy environment of 168 children in fourth grade of the post-colonial Dutch Caribbean, predicted L1 and L2 reading literacy in sixth grade. Overall, children had higher scores for reading literacy in L1 Papiamento as compared with L2 Dutch. They showed more positive attitudes…
Descriptors: Sociocultural Patterns, Indo European Languages, Literacy, Native Language
Tae-Young Kim – English Teaching, 2025
This qualitative study examines amotivation in South Korean EFL students through the lens of activity theory. Using semi-structured interviews, data were collected from six elementary and secondary school students, aged 10 to 16 years (Grades 4 to 10), to explore key psychological constructs, including the ideal L2 self, the ought-to L2 self, the…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Instruction, Second Language Learning, Learning Motivation
Ding, Wenjun; Yu, Guoxing – Language Assessment Quarterly, 2023
This paper examined to what extent causal explanation speaking tasks (CESTs) are cognitively appropriate for assessing young language learners' (YLLs) L2 speaking. Ninety-six YLLs (48 from Grade 4 and 6 each) in China performed two CESTs in both L1 (Chinese) and L2 (English). They also completed receptive and productive L2 vocabulary size tests.…
Descriptors: Speech Communication, Language Tests, Vocabulary Development, Native Language
Ye Shen; J. Marc Goodrich – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2024
Spanish-speaking students constitute the largest subgroup of emergent bilingual (EB) students in the United States. Using longitudinal data on a nationally representative sample of Spanish-English EBs, we explore profiles of English reading trajectories and how early individual differences (i.e., early Spanish reading and English oral proficiency)…
Descriptors: Transfer of Training, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Casper J. D. Jensen; Teresa Cadierno – Language Learning Journal, 2024
The number of learners seeking to acquire an L2 by means of apps is ever-increasing. This study examined the effectiveness of using the app "Mondly" for the acquisition of L2 English vocabulary while accounting for differences in the acquisition of receptive and productive aspects of word knowledge. Twelve Danish young learners (aged…
Descriptors: Receptive Language, Expressive Language, Correlation, Computer Assisted Instruction
Marco MacFarlane – South African Journal of Education, 2024
With this article I explore the relationship between core academic language skills (CALS) -- a construct representing a set of high-utility language skills needed to manage the linguistic features prevalent in academic texts across content areas -- and schooling outcomes. There has long been an understanding that there is a distinction between…
Descriptors: Academic Language, Language Proficiency, Grade 6, Elementary School Students