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Fagerlund, Janne; Häkkinen, Päivi; Vesisenaho, Mikko; Viiri, Jouni – Informatics in Education, 2020
Computational thinking (CT) has been introduced in primary schools worldwide. However, rich classroom-based evidence and research on how to assess and support students' CT through programming are particularly scarce. This empirical study investigates 4th grade students' (N = 57) CT in a comparatively comprehensive and fine-grained manner by…
Descriptors: Grade 4, Elementary School Students, Preadolescents, Thinking Skills
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Miller, Emily C.; Severance, Samuel; Krajcik, Joseph – Journal of Science Teacher Education, 2021
In "A Framework for K-12 Science Education," researchers call for teachers to make dramatic shifts in practice -- and sustain in these changes in practice -- so students can engage in rigorous and equitable three-dimensional science learning. Project-Based Learning (PBL) motivates students from diverse backgrounds to persist in learning.…
Descriptors: Elementary School Teachers, Science Curriculum, Science Instruction, Educational Change