The COVID-19 pandemic raised the need to examine online learning methods also in young children. This study examined elementary school children's performance and attitudes during and toward an online programming learning activity utilizing the pair-programming Agile method that may foster 21st-century skills, including collaboration and…

Due to swift technological changes in society, programming tasks are proliferating in formal and informal education around the globe. However, challenges arise regarding the acquisition of programming skills. Many students are unequipped to develop programming skills due to limited instruction or background and therefore feel insecure when…

Implementing ICT education in elementary schools in the industrial era 4.0 is urgent. Several studies have explored ICT education in elementary schools, but few studies with systematic literature reviews remain. This article presents a literature review for 2019-2023 regarding ICT education in elementary schools. The Systematic Review Literature…

This paper explored the attitudes and roles of computer science (CS) teachers in elementary and high schools in Croatia in the period from completely online to "normal" schooling. The research was conducted in two phases to gain insight into the adaption of online education in schools. The first part of the research was a quantitative…

In order to equip students with technology and 21st-century abilities like problem-solving, creativity, and collaboration, a new model of education that involves altered curriculum, infrastructure, professional development for teachers, textbooks, and examinations have emerged. The use of information technology can help spread knowledge more…

The objectives of this research were to: 1) develop online lessons with the Google Classroom application on computer system operation for secondary 2 (Grade 8) students; 2) study pre-test and post-test academic achievement; and 3) study the students' satisfaction with the online lessons with the Google Classroom application on computer system…

Since the last curriculum reform in 2011, all Estonian lower-secondary students have to conduct a year-long creative work. Unfortunately, in many cases, it is implemented as an individual written report that has little to do with improving learners' digital competence or Computational Thinking skills. In the new national curriculum (to be in force…

Background & Context: This research focused on an online professional development (PD), the Inclusive Computer Science Model of PD, to support integrating computer science and computational thinking for all learners into K-5 literacy instruction. Objective: This research was conducted to understand elementary teachers' perceptions of the PD.…

This article provides an in-depth look at how K-12 students should be introduced to Machine Learning and the knowledge and skills they will develop as a result. We begin with an overview of the AI4K12 Initiative, which is developing national guidelines for teaching AI in K-12, and briefly discuss each of the "Five Big Ideas in AI" that…

Online professional learning experiences can address K¬--12 computing teachers' need for content knowledge and professional communities. However, it can be difficult to design effective, large-scale experiences that reach broader audiences while addressing individual teachers' professional needs. We facilitated a two-week online professional…

Previous research has invested much effort in understanding how programming can contribute to the development of young learners' computational thinking (CT) in traditional K-12 classroom settings. Relatively few studies have examined programming for CT in informal online communities, especially for large scale quantitative research. With the…

Purpose: While it is particularly important that professional programs help teachers become members of a community of practice, especially in crisis situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a lack of research about strategies to effectively encourage the development of a community of practice and to support teachers' transformation of…

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of emotional motivational feedback messages given for online homework of secondary school sixth grade students within the scope of Information Technologies and Software course on academic success. The research was quantitatively designed based on quasi-experimental design with pre-test-post-test…

The aim of this research is to determine the learning styles of Web 2.0 based collaborative group activities; to examine the effects on academic achievement, online cooperative learning attitude level, computer thinking skill level. The research was carried out with a quantitative method and a pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental…

New computer science standards are being rapidly introduced at the elementary level but little is known about how to prepare teachers to learn and teach the content of these standards, or how to support students with disabilities in learning computer science. Accordingly, we designed and studied the Inclusive Computer Science Model of Professional…