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Mthethwa, Patrick – TESOL International Journal, 2016
This study reports evidence of cross-linguistic influence (CLI) that surfaced from English compositions of SiSwati learners of English in Swaziland, where English is a second language. Although CLI has been studied widely in other languages, it has not been studied in SiSwati and English, and its implications for instruction are not known.…
Descriptors: Contrastive Linguistics, Second Language Learning, Native Language, Transfer of Training
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Simpson, JoEllen M. – International Journal of Bilingual Education & Bilingualism, 2004
The present study examines 20 writing samples in English and Spanish selected from portfolios of first grade children at a bilingual school in Ecuador. Based on earlier findings that paragraphs composed in English and Spanish by children, adolescents and adults are different (Lux & Grabe, 1991; Montano-Harmon, 1991; Reid, 1990; Reppen &…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Grade 1, Error Patterns, Sentence Structure