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Beck, Sarah R.; Apperly, Ian A.; Chappell, Jackie; Guthrie, Carlie; Cutting, Nicola – Cognition, 2011
Tool making evidences intelligent, flexible thinking. In Experiment 1, we confirmed that 4- to 7-year-olds chose a hook tool to retrieve a bucket from a tube. In Experiment 2, 3- to 5-year-olds consistently failed to innovate a simple hook tool. Eight-year-olds performed at mature levels. In contrast, making a tool following demonstration was easy…
Descriptors: Experiments, Children, Thinking Skills, Age Differences
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McNeil, Nicole M.; Uttal, David H.; Jarvin, Linda; Sternberg, Robert J. – Learning and Instruction, 2009
How do concrete objects that cue real-world knowledge affect students' performance on mathematics word problems? In Experiment 1, fourth- and sixth-grade students (N = 229) solved word problems involving money. Students in the experimental condition were given bills and coins to help them solve the problems, and students in the control condition…
Descriptors: Word Problems (Mathematics), Elementary School Students, Cues, Experiments
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Marley, Scott C.; Levin, Joel R.; Glenberg, Arthur M. – Contemporary Educational Psychology, 2007
The primary purpose of the present study was to determine whether recent findings documenting the benefits of text-related motor activity on young children's memory for reading passages [Glenberg, A. M., Gutierrez, T., Levin, J. R., Japuntich, S., & Kaschak, M. (2004). Activity and imagined activity can enhance young readers' reading…
Descriptors: Visual Aids, Toys, Memory, Learning Problems