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Rankin, Tom – Second Language Research, 2023
Grammar competition has been proposed as a model for second language (L2) acquisition. Variational Learning provides a framework within which to investigate the idea of grammar competition as the model requires a marriage of quantitative properties of the input with Universal Grammar. A diachronic variational model of grammar competition is…
Descriptors: Grammar, Linguistic Input, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
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de Ruiter, Laura E. – Language and Speech, 2011
In a data set of 291 spontaneous utterances from German 5-year-olds, 7-year-olds and adults, nuclear pitch contours were labeled manually using the GToBI annotation system. Ten different contour types were identified.The fundamental frequency (F0) of these contours was modeled using third-order orthogonal polynomials, following an approach similar…
Descriptors: Language Patterns, Speech, Syllables, German