Learning-related attention is one of the most important factors influencing learning. Although technologies have enabled the automatic detection of students' attention levels, previous studies mainly focused on colleges or high schools, lacking further validations in primary school students. More importantly, the detected attention might fail to…

Much of what happens in the learning process focuses on teaching to the average student, but the bell curve has deflated with fewer students in the middle, making the educational dilemma more about "how to connect" with students regardless of diverse abilities and various backgrounds. According to the "Twenty-Fourth Annual Report to Congress" by…