This single-case study assessed the effectiveness of a mnemonic pegword strategy designed to enhance the multiplication fact fluency of three 6th-grade students who demonstrated persistent learning difficulties in mathematics. A nonconcurrent multiple baseline across subjects design was utilized, incorporating 3-5 baseline sessions followed by…

This study examined a 6-week intervention in which fourth grade students either played fluency games or used pictorial flashcards to develop fluency with their basic multiplication facts. Students who played fluency games showed more growth than the pictorial flashcards, but an analysis of variance showed that there was no statistically…

Incremental rehearsal (IR) has consistently been shown to improve students' math fact retention and fluency (Maki et al., Journal of Behavioral Education 30:534-558, 2021). However, less is known about how intervention modifications may support longer-term skill maintenance. The purpose of this study was to compare traditional IR with a modified…

The exploration of children's drawings as mathematical representations is a current focus in early years mathematics education research. This paper presents a qualitative analysis of 72 kindergarten to Grade 3 (5 to 8 years old) children's drawings produced during problem-solving tasks centred on multiplicative strategies. Existing frameworks for…

Developing and supporting understanding of the meaning of multiplication and multiplicative relationships in students with mathematics learning disabilities requires carefully designed instruction that emphasizes strategic representation use. This article discusses three ways in which teachers can incorporate multiple representations within…

In the present study, we illuminate students' multiplicative reasoning in the context of their units-coordinating activity. Of particular interest is to investigate students' use of three levels of units as given material for problem-solving activity, which we regard as supporting a more advanced level of multiplicative reasoning. Among 13 middle…

Students encounter mathematics word problems as early as kindergarten and continue to see them throughout their schooling experience. Schema instruction with an attack strategy can support students to successfully navigate word-problem solving. Schemas help students categorize word problems by similar characteristics. To better support students…

Through a constructivist lens, this dissertation research (a case study) examines the problem of how elementary teachers' MKT might be related to their ways of implementing and adapting mathematical tasks to promote students' construction of multiplicative reasoning. In particular, this study addresses the following four research questions: 1.…

This research study sought to identify a solution for building fact fluency for middle school aged students identified with LD. After analyzing a 1st-12th grade independent school for students with LD's math curriculum, it was noted that basic fact fluency is not taught after grade five. This has shown to be problematic for students who enroll in…

Providing mathematics instruction and supporting students with mathematics difficulties, including students with disabilities, at risk for disabilities, or those who struggle with the content, is important and interventions must be designed to occur face-to-face or virtually. Despite limited research on providing mathematical interventions online…

This paper frames children's mathematics as mathematics. Specifically, it draws upon our knowledge of children's mathematics and applies it to understanding the prime number theorem. Elementary school arithmetic emphasizes two principal operations: addition and multiplication. Through their units coordination activity, children construct two…

The multiplicative reasoning that students should develop in elementary school is a key area of research in contemporary mathematics education. Researchers employ various views including multiplication as arithmetic operation, multiplicative structures, and multiplicative relationships. They also propose various classifications of multiplicative…

Research has shown that many primary students experience transition barriers between additive and multiplicative thinking. This paper analysed responses from 253 Years 3 to 6 students to a diagnostic assessment which consists of whole number multiplication and division problems involving equal groups, arrays, multiplicative comparison and…

Children's multiplicative thinking as the recognition of equal group structures and the enumeration of the composite units was the subject of this research. In this paper, we provide an overview of the Multiplication and Division Investigations project. The results were obtained from a small sample of Australian children (n = 21) in their first…

This formative study of a multiplicative reasoning (MR) intervention explored the intervention's potential for improving the ability of third-grade struggling students' ability to reason with multiplicative concepts and procedures. The feasibility of the study was examined in a school setting before a randomized control trial was conducted.…