Students, even as young as kindergarten, are natural problem solvers (Carpenter et al., 2017). Even before they learn to count, they can make sense of mathematical problems and real- world situations (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 2022). Kindergartners can make sense of complex story problems, including Separate Start Unknown…

In educational settings, reflective thinking is often overlooked, with an excessive emphasis on final answers, resulting in students needing more ability to evaluate and reconstruct their problem-solving processes. The ability for reflective thinking is required by students in solving problems, including numerical problems. This study uses a…

Computational thinking is an important skill in computer science since the 1960s, and it is closely related to problem solving. Almost all research related to computational thinking mentions problem solving. Although some research has been conducted on computational thinking, few studies examined the impact of personal traits on students'…

This study aims to reveal the profile of open-start problem-solving with ethnomathematics regarding student learning styles. This research is a qualitative research study on 3 out of 31 students of Junior High School of 3 Magetan taken by purposive sampling. The three students carried out four stages: understanding the problem, planning…

The ability to solve complex problems successfully represents a key competence for students' educational success and beyond. While strategy application and metastrategic knowledge constitute two underlying components that drive successful complex problem solving (CPS), little is known about how these two facets develop individually and jointly in…

Students who exhibit mature number sense make sense of numbers and operations, use reasoning to notice patterns, and flexibly choose effective problem-solving strategies (McIntosh et al., 1997, https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworks/6819). Due to its dispositional nature, mature number sense is typically measured through in-depth interviews or tests of…

This study aims to investigate the relationship between learning styles and the efficacy of routine and non-routine problem solving. It also compares these relationships with respect to routine and non-routine problem types. The study sample consisted of 356 eighth-grade students in four different schools. In this study, correlational and…

The study aims at (1) describing the mathematical communication at class VII junior high school in solving problems of the system of equations and linear inequalities of one variable, (2) analyzing the factors that cause students to correct problems in system material and linear inequalities of one variable. The data were collected in the form of…

Creative thinking is the cognitive activities that process the received information to produce new representations. Therefore, it is necessary to develop creative thinking and represent a problem. This study aims to investigate the students' creative thinking processes based on representation in solving mathematical problems reviewed from…

Cognitive style differences, also known as 'empathizing' and 'systemizing' have been argued as one reason that may explain differences in children's motivation to learn science. Researchers claim that people with a 'systemizing' cognitive style are likelier to engage in science than those with an 'empathizing' cognitive style. As such, they…

Recently educational robotics has expanded into curriculum beyond traditional STEM fields, and which can also be used to foster computational thinking (CT) skills. Prior research has shown numerous interdisciplinary benefits related to CT, however, these influential factors have often been investigated with relatively few variables. This study…

The early phase is the decisive period for the teachers' career. Intellectual styles (particularly thinking styles) play a vital role in teachers' professional development. With the purpose of measuring thinking styles of teachers at the early phase, this study was designed to validate a revised inventory of thinking styles (TSI-R2) for…

This research aims to test: (1) the effectiveness between problem posing learning model with Indonesian realistic mathematical education approach and problem posing learning model on written mathematical communication skills; (2) the effectiveness between field-independent and field-dependent cognitive styles on written mathematical communication…

Characteristics of students who are diverse, such as different learning styles will also lead to the possibility of differences in students' ability to understand the learning material and every problem given, especially at the stage of understanding the problem given, because this stage is the most important step to determine the next problem…

For success in learning, it is highly important to know about how individuals think, how they develop thinking skills and the styles of their thinking. There are also situations where the thinking tendencies of each individual are different. These situations are also the types of thinking demonstrated by students while solving a problem. The…