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Semra Fis Erümit – International Journal of Computer Science Education in Schools, 2024
This study investigates the contribution of plugged and un-plugged activities to primary school students' development of computational thinking skills. The plugged and unplugged activities were used together in this study. In the implementation, in addition to the un-plugged activities prepared by the "Ministry of National Education,"…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Thinking Skills, Computation, Programming
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Gary K. W. Wong; Shan Jian; Ho-Yin Cheung – Education and Information Technologies, 2024
This study examined the developmental process of children's computational thinking using block-based programming tools, specifically algorithmic thinking and debugging skills. With this aim, a group of children (N = 191) from two primary schools were studied for two years beginning from the fourth grade, as they engaged in our block-based…
Descriptors: Thinking Skills, Skill Development, Computation, Algorithms
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Xuemin Gao; Yuqin Yang; Yuxia Du; Daner Sun – Journal of Educational Computing Research, 2025
Block-based visual programming tools are widely used in elementary education. Nonetheless, these tools alone may not ensure the spontaneous and efficient acquisition of concepts and skills in computational thinking (CT). Using mind mapping as a form of scaffolding to facilitate the visualization of abstract thinking processes may enhance the…
Descriptors: Computation, Thinking Skills, Programming, Cognitive Mapping
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Silvis, Deborah; Lee, Victor R.; Clarke-Midura, Jody; Shumway, Jessica F. – Information and Learning Sciences, 2022
Purpose: Much remains unknown about how young children orient to computational objects and how we as learning scientists can orient to young children as computational thinkers. While some research exists on how children learn programming, very little has been written about how they learn the technical skills needed to operate technologies or to…
Descriptors: Programming, Coding, Kindergarten, Robotics
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Lihui Sun; Junjie Liu – Educational Technology Research and Development, 2024
This study investigated the effects of the single programming approach (plugged-in and unplugged) and the mixed programming approach (plugged-in-first and unplugged-first) on the computational thinking (CT) skills of first-grade students. However, focusing only on the programming learning approach itself is insufficient. Therefore, the influences…
Descriptors: Thinking Skills, Computation, Grade 1, Elementary School Students
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Brainin, Einat; Shamir, Adina; Eden, Sigal – Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 2022
The study's purpose was to examine the contribution of a programmable robot to an intervention program for promoting spatial ability (spatial relations, visual-memory, mental rotation) of preschool children. Eighty-four participants were randomly assigned to three intervention groups: programmable-robot-based intervention, traditional…
Descriptors: Kindergarten, Young Children, Robotics, Programming
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Gary K. W. Wong – Education and Information Technologies, 2024
As block-based visual programming platform such as Scratch become more accessible and supportive to children's programming learning, the demand on understanding a trajectory of children's computational thinking development through programming from their early ages increases rapidly in recent years. To explore the developmental process of…
Descriptors: Computation, Problem Solving, Skill Development, Programming
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Kalyenci, Damla; Metin, Sermin; Basaran, Mehmet – Education and Information Technologies, 2022
This research aims to develop a valid and reliable test to determine the coding skill levels of 5-7 years old children in early childhood. The study sample consists of children aged 5-7 who attend primary and pre-school education institutions affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in Agri and Gaziantep city center in the 2020-2021…
Descriptors: Tests, Programming, Elementary School Students, Preschool Children
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Khodabandelou, Rouhollah; Alhoqani, Khaloud – Education 3-13, 2023
This research aimed to study the effects of the WeDo 2.0 robot workshop on grade five students' acquisition of the computational thinking concepts (CTCs) and their acceptance of the robot technology. A quasi-experimental method, One-Group Pre-test Post-test design, was used. Thirty-five grade 5 students participated in a five-day (four hours of…
Descriptors: Robotics, Workshops, Foreign Countries, Grade 5
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Andreas Giannakoulas; Stelios Xinogalos – Journal of Educational Computing Research, 2025
This study critically reviews sixteen empirical studies that investigate the various difficulties that primary school students encounter while learning programming through educational games. Specifically, the challenges that students face in understanding basic programming concepts and the game elements that contribute to these difficulties, as…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Elementary School Teachers, Programming, Game Based Learning
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Kong, Siu-Cheung; Lai, Ming – British Journal of Educational Technology, 2022
The participatory view of learning emphasises students' identity construction. However, identity research in the context of programming education to cultivate students' computational thinking is scarce. In this study, an instrument of computational identity with components of engagement, imagination and affiliation, was developed and validated.…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Programming, Computation, Thinking Skills
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C. Florou; G. Stamoulis; A. Xenakis; A. Plageras – Education and Information Technologies, 2025
This study focuses on students' self-assessment during their learning process related to computer programming concepts, taking into account challenges and obstacles both teachers and students face, with the aim to contribute to the development of guiding principles and practices and enhance the teaching process of computer programming in primary…
Descriptors: Teacher Role, Self Evaluation (Individuals), Computer Science Education, Programming
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Lou Schwartz; Valérie Maquil; Laurence Johannsen; Christian Moll; Johannes Hermen – Education and Information Technologies, 2024
Computational Thinking (CT) is an emerging topic in school curricula. Different tools exist to support the learning of CT, namely visual programming languages and tangible development platforms (TDP), which are widely used in extra-curricular activities. To date, few tools have been developed that consider both teachers' needs and the school…
Descriptors: Teaching Methods, Computation, Thinking Skills, Skill Development
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Sun, Lihui; Zhou, Danhua – Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 2023
Background: As one of the mainstream forms of programming education, educational robotics (ER) have been a crucial way to develop K-12 students' programming ability. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to clarify the content of programming ability, to verify the effectiveness of ER as a teaching method to improve students' programming…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Secondary School Students, Robotics, Programming
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Kutay, Emine; Oner, Diler – ACM Transactions on Computing Education, 2022
The purpose of this study is to examine the role of Minecraft-based coding activities on computational thinking (CT) of middle school students. In the study, CT was conceptualized so that it encapsulates not only the knowledge of computational concepts (e.g., loops and conditionals) but also the use of CT practices (e.g., testing and debugging).…
Descriptors: Programming, Video Games, Middle School Students, Computation
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