Fractions are an important mathematical concept for elementary students. However, students with mathematics learning disabilities (MLD) struggle with learning fractions. Research has demonstrated that concrete-representational-abstract (CRA) instruction is an effective practice for students with learning and developmental disabilities. Here we…

The development of conceptual multiplication knowledge will assist students in making progress within current mathematics standards. Previous research has shown the concrete-representational-abstract (CRA) sequence to be successful in teaching multiplication with regrouping with an emphasis on conceptual understanding while developing fluency and…

Science content remains a commonly overlooked academic content area for students with severe disabilities, including ASD and ID, despite recent research. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of systematic instruction, such as prompting and fading techniques, implemented during whole-group science instruction for students with both…

Mathematics instruction -- and interventions to support mathematics teaching -- for students with intellectual disability is important yet underexamined. This study explored a graduated instructional sequence referred to as the virtual-representational (VR) as a mathematical intervention. Researchers taught four students with disabilities what…