Background: Guided gaze is the instructor's gaze towards teaching materials to guide students' attention, and it plays a vital role in enhancing video-based education. The duration of guided gaze, indicating how long instructors focus on teaching materials, varies based on the lecture design. Nevertheless, the impact of varying durations of guided…

In the "Internet+" era, to understand the difference between the traditional classroom and smart classroom, this study uses the current domestic and foreign classroom teaching behavior research methods as a starting point and analyzes the teaching behaviors in classrooms from six dimensions: resource sharing, teacher lecturing,…

This study examined the effect of a short-term training programme ?n in-service physical education teachers' behaviour and students' engagement in learning. Teachers (n = 32) were randomly divided into an experimental and a control group. Each teacher's behaviour was observed in six lessons; two for each measurement (pre, post and retention) and…

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the differences between elementary, middle, and high school physical education classes in Korea based on teacher and student behavior and teacher-student interaction patterns. The subjects who participated in this study were fifteen certified full-time physical education teachers at selected…