The purpose of this study was to determine K-8 preservice teacher (PST) candidates' statistical thinking when selecting the best center representation for the given data. Forty-four PSTs enrolled in a Statistics and Probability for K-8 Teachers course in a university located in the southeastern region of the United States were asked to complete a…

Identifying the mistakes in student responses and being able to manage the solution process are among the fundamental skills that should be acquired by the pre-service teachers. This skill is important in probability, about which students have a great number of misconceptions. The aim of this study was to determine the misconceptions in the…

The literature has amply shown that primary and secondary school students have difficulties in understanding rational number size. Many of these difficulties are explained by the natural number bias or the use of other incorrect reasoning such as gap thinking. However, in many studies, these types of reasoning have been inferred from comparing…

Concepts are where the foundation of scientific knowledge and thought structures are laid. Thanks to concepts, distinctions or generalisations about an event or an entity are formed and thought structures are formed in our minds. In this study, it was aimed to determine the associations in the minds of secondary school 6th grade students about the…

The aim of this study is to determine the algebraic thinking levels, misconceptions and understanding levels of algebraic expressions of 6th, 7th and 8th grade students. In this research, developmental research methods, which is one of the descriptive studies, were used. This study was carried out with secondary school students (6th, 7th and 8th…

Progressing from additive to multiplicative thinking is a key outcome of school mathematics, making ratios an essential topic of study in junior secondary. In this study, 15 Australian Year 8 students were administered a ratio test followed by semi-structured interviews to explore their conceptions of ratio prior to formal instruction. In this…

The aim of this study is to examine how middle school mathematics teachers diagnose and attempt to eliminate students' misconceptions in algebra. The study employed a case study method and embedded single-case design. The research was conducted with three mathematics teachers working in different state schools and having different professional…

This lesson focuses specifically on teaching concepts of speed and its impact on energy, as well as providing a basic introduction to potential and kinetic energy to fourth-grade students. "Next Generation Science Standards" ("NGSS") 4-PS3-1 states that students should be able "to use evidence to construct an explanation…

Teachers require support in developing the pedagogical skill of interpreting students' mathematical thinking and providing effective feedback that promotes learning. However, there is a lack of research assessing the quality of feedback based on teacher noticing in mathematics classes. This study analysed 20 preservice teachers' (PSTs) feedback…

The research is motivated by the demands for the readiness of elementary school teachers and students to face the Merdeka Curriculum, one of which is the demand for HOTS-based learning. The implementation of HOTS-based learning requires an evaluation using HOTS-based test questions as well. The objectives are, (1) to analyze and examine the…

One of the main objectives of scientific literacy is the development of rational skills and critical thinking in citizens. This is a central goal for teachers. However, beliefs that lack rational foundation and supporting evidence, named "epistemically unwarranted beliefs" (EUB), spread rapidly among the population. If teachers had some…

Understanding students' mathematical thinking in problem solving process plays an important role in facilitating the solution. Hence, teachers or pre-service teachers need to understand students' thoughts and guide them to the correct answer. The aim of this study was to examine pre-service teachers' approaches to guiding students in problem…

This study investigates prospective elementary and secondary school mathematics teachers' ways of reasoning about differentiability at a point and corner points while working on a mathematical modelling activity. Adopting a multiple-case study design, the participants of the study were 68 prospective elementary school mathematics teachers enrolled…

Purpose: This study aimed to examine elementary school students' critical thinking skills and their impact. Methodology: This research was a qualitative case study. The subjects of this study were 29 fifth-grade students and three teachers at an elementary school, chosen by a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through observation,…

Feedback loop reasoning is an important stepping-stone toward systems thinking. To date, studies on feedback loop reasoning in ecology have focused on college students, while only a limited effort has been made to investigate a more general systems thinking of students at the lower elementary level. The goal of this study is to investigate how…