NotesFAQContact Us
Collection
Advanced
Search Tips
Back to results
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Direct linkDirect link
ERIC Number: ED670889
Record Type: Non-Journal
Publication Date: 2025
Pages: 39
Abstractor: As Provided
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: N/A
EISSN: N/A
Available Date: 0000-00-00
An Analysis of Teachers' Equity in Office Discipline Referrals
Sean C. Austin1; Kent McIntosh1; Keith Smolkowski2; Tabathia Baldy3
Grantee Submission
Racial inequities in school discipline are well-established, but most studies have examined disparities at the school or district level rather than the individual level. Examining how individual teacher characteristics relate to discipline disparities could yield important information for consultation. We utilized a sample of 300 teachers (each teacher in eight elementary schools) to assess racial inequities in individual teacher office discipline referral (ODR) rates by teacher characteristics and attitudes. Despite the presence of higher rates of ODRs for Black students, multilevel models identified few significant differences by teacher characteristics and no significant differences by teacher attitudes. Non-special educators and intermediate grade teachers issued significantly more ODRs to Black students. No significant differences in ODR rates were detected by race/ethnicity, gender, highest degree earned, or self-reported awareness and commitment to equity. The implications for consultants around equity-focused intervention are discussed. [This paper will be published in "Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation."]
Publication Type: Reports - Research
Education Level: Elementary Education
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: Institute of Education Sciences (ED)
Authoring Institution: N/A
IES Funded: Yes
Grant or Contract Numbers: R324A170034
Department of Education Funded: Yes
Author Affiliations: 1University of Oregon; 2Oregon Research Institute; 3Colquitt County School District, Georgia