Using a Dynamic Geometry System (DGS) students can engage in a dynamic learning process that allows them to experiment, create strategies, make conjectures, argue, and deduce mathematical properties. A DGS enables the introduction of proofs, by providing visual aids. The proof of the conjectures made emerges as the next step towards formalising…

Schools produce multiple products and digitization articulates with them in different ways. In this paper we expand the frame for analyzing instructional automation by examining its implications for three scholastic products -- embodied learning, grades and test scores, and the narratives that connect the two. We draw on data from interviews with…

Grading assignments is inherently subjective and time-consuming; automatic scoring tools can greatly reduce teacher workload and shorten the time needed for providing feedback to learners. The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel method for automatically scoring student responses to picture-cued writing tasks. As a popular paradigm for…

The purpose of this study is to introduce and evaluate a method for generating reading comprehension items using template-based automatic item generation. To begin, we describe a new model for generating reading comprehension items called the text analysis cognitive model assessing inferential skills across different reading passages. Next, the…

Providing timely and helpful writing feedback for student writers, especially those at the middle and high school level, can present an unwieldy challenge for teachers. Yet, feedback is necessary for students' growth as writers. There is an increased interest and use of automatic writing programs to provide students with writing feedback. However,…

To explore the differential impact of job automation for different groups of primary and secondary school students, an analysis of variance was conducted using survey data on the occupational aspirations of British school students (aged 7-18) and probability statistics derived from a model of job automation. Results indicated that students aged…

Despite a tremendous increase in the use of video for conducting research in classrooms as well as preparing and evaluating teachers, there remain notable challenges to using classroom videos at scale, including time and financial costs. Recent advances in artificial intelligence could make the process of analyzing, scoring, and cataloguing videos…

Background: Automated Writing Evaluation (AWE) systems to aid writing learning and instruction in primary and secondary education are growing increasingly popular. However, their effectiveness is hardly known. We conducted a systematic review focusing on the effects of these systems providing writing feedback to students in school settings.…

The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the degree to which register knowledge, register-specific motivation, and diverse linguistic features are predictive of human judgment of writing quality in three registers--narrative, informative, and opinion. The secondary purpose is to compare the evaluation metrics of register-partitioned…

Learning-related attention is one of the most important factors influencing learning. Although technologies have enabled the automatic detection of students' attention levels, previous studies mainly focused on colleges or high schools, lacking further validations in primary school students. More importantly, the detected attention might fail to…

To address needs in one US state to provide a professional development micro-credential for tens of thousands of educators, we automated an assignment scoring workflow in an online course by developing and refining an AI model to scan submitted assignments and score them against a rubric. This article outlines the AI model development process and…

We propose a framework designed to guide the development of automated writing practice and formative evaluation and feedback for young children (K-5 th grade) -- the early Automated Writing Evaluation (early-AWE) Framework. e-AWE is grounded on the fundamental assumption that e-AWE is needed for young developing readers, but must incorporate…

We propose a framework designed to guide the development of automated writing practice and formative evaluation and feedback for young children (K-5th grade) -- the early Automated Writing Evaluation (early-AWE) Framework. e-AWE is grounded on the fundamental assumption that e-AWE is needed for young developing readers, but must incorporate…

Recent advances in automated writing evaluation have enabled educators to use automated writing quality scores to improve assessment feasibility. However, there has been limited investigation of bias for automated writing quality scores with students from diverse racial or ethnic backgrounds. The use of biased scores could contribute to…

Recent advances in automated writing evaluation have enabled educators to use automated writing quality scores to improve assessment feasibility. However, there has been limited investigation of bias for automated writing quality scores with students from diverse racial or ethnic backgrounds. The use of biased scores could contribute to…