We conducted a 3-year study to determine what could be learned from the efforts of social studies teachers to navigate the current culture of reform and accountability. Data were drawn from 50 in-depth interviews and 425 surveys completed by P-12 teachers throughout the state. We employed critical social theory to frame the study and interpret the…

This multiple case study examines how 4 social studies teachers in 2 private Islamic schools in Michigan understand the concept of citizenship education and the dilemmas they face in teaching for unity and diversity and in helping their students negotiate their civics identities within the American sociopolitical context. Data were collected…

Engaging students in controversial issues provides numerous benefits for developing democratic citizenship. A wide variety of pathways and challenges exist to their discussion in classrooms, many of which are based upon societal and cultural context. This study explores the context of Guam and maps the issues of controversy within categories of…