In achievement testing we assume that students will demonstrate their maximum performance as they encounter test items. Sometimes, however, student performance can decline during a test event, which implies that the test score does not represent maximum performance. This study describes a method for identifying significant performance decline and…

Moral conviction predicts interpersonal tolerance in adults, but its role in children and adolescents is not as well understood. This study measured moral conviction for a variety of issues along two separate dimensions--cognitive and affective--in children and adolescents (4th-12th grade). Results showed that, like adults, when children and…

The selection of appropriate teaching models with which to bring about meaningful learning is an important and fundamental concern of the professional educator. This paper describes the development of a matrix of models and effects that was a three step process involving the compilation of a list of effects; the development of effect categories by…