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A Longitudinal Examination of the Persistence of Late Emerging Reading Disabilities
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Etmanskie, Jill M.; Partanen, Marita; Siegel, Linda S. – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2016
There are some children who encounter unexpected reading difficulties in the fourth grade. This phenomenon has been described as late emerging reading disabilities (LERD). Using Grade 4 as a starting point, this study examined the reading development of 964 children between kindergarten and Grade 7. The results showed that 72.0% of children had…
Descriptors: Learning Disabilities, Reading Difficulties, Elementary School Students, Reading Comprehension
Detecting Children with Arithmetic Disabilities from Kindergarten: Evidence from a 3-Year Longitudinal Study on the Role of Preparatory Arithmetic Abilities
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Stock, Pieter; Desoete, Annemie; Roeyers, Herbert – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2010
In a 3-year longitudinal study, 471 children were classified, based on their performances on arithmetic tests in first and second grade, as having persistent arithmetic disabilities (AD), persistent low achieving (LA), persistent typical achieving, inconsistent arithmetic disabilities (DF1), or inconsistent low achieving in arithmetic. Significant…
Descriptors: Low Achievement, Arithmetic, Learning Disabilities, Age Differences