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Rina Zviel Girshin; Nathan Rosenberg; Ida Kukliansky – Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 2024
This longitudinal study of robot programming in early childhood (ROPEC) was performed based on summative and formative assessments of the robotics program in kindergarten and year one of elementary school. The study aims to broaden our knowledge about children's understanding of programming, their confidence in ability to read and write programs,…
Descriptors: Kindergarten, Grade 1, Early Childhood Education, Computation
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Sung, Woonhee; Ahn, Junghyun; Black, John B. – Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 2022
Using robotics and programming, this study investigated the effects of different levels of embodied instruction on the problem-solving, debugging, programming proficiency, self-determination, and self-efficacy of students in ethnically diverse elementary classrooms. The first small-scale, quasi-experimental study involved 37 second-graders, who…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Academic Achievement, Student Attitudes, Robotics