Past research has documented that the effectiveness of three different math strategies delivered to students via one-on-one instruction (i.e., cover-copy-compare (CCC); e.g., Skinner, Turco, Beatty, & Rasavage, 1989, traditional drill and practice (TDP); e.g., Cybriwsky & Schuster, 1990, and constant time delay (CTD); Kulik, 1994). This study…

Analyzing student work can help teachers improve the teaching and learning of mathematics. Fortunately, the four authors have experienced professional development that supports teachers' professional growth and provides tools to begin the challenge of analyzing student work. However, as they began to assume leadership roles in their schools and…

Technology and mathematics. manipulatives have been brought together in a new format. This joining has resulted in virtual manipulatives that are available on the Internet for students. Virtual manipulatives have been defined as computer based renditions of common mathematics manipulatives and tools. Just as a physical object can be flipped,…

The framework of Tharp and Gallimore (1988) was adapted to form a ZPD (Zone of Proximal Development) Model of Mathematical Proficiency that identifies two interacting kinds of learning activities: instructional conversations that assist understanding and practice that develops fluency. A Class Learning Path was conceptualized as a classroom path…