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Kodama-Dodge, Denise – ProQuest LLC, 2022
Purpose: The purpose of this quantitative, causal-comparative study was to determine whether English learners who participated in transitional kindergarten perform equally or better than English learners who did not participate in transitional kindergarten in the areas of oral language, written language, and overall language as measured by the…
Descriptors: Grade 1, Kindergarten, Language Proficiency, Oral Language
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Natalia Palacios; Natalie L. Bohlmann; Bethany A. Bell; Min Hyun Oh; Yitong Yue – AERA Open, 2024
Utilizing Utah state data, the aim of this study is to examine the association between language program types programs (dual language programs [DLI], sheltered instruction [SEI], and English as a second language [ESL]) since first grade and third-grade basic literacy skills of Spanish-speaking English learners (ELs) in the United States. We employ…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education Programs, Outcomes of Education, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning