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Cockcroft, Kate; Bloch, Lauren; Moolla, Azra – Education as Change, 2016
This study investigated whether measures of verbal working memory are less sensitive to children's socioeconomic background than traditional vocabulary measures. Participants were 120 school beginners, divided into high and low socioeconomic groups. The groups contained equal numbers of English first-language and second-language speakers. All were…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Short Term Memory, Vocabulary, English (Second Language)
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Gersten, Russell; Baker, Scott K.; Haager, Diane; Graves, Anne W. – Remedial & Special Education, 2005
The first portion of this article describes the development and validation of a classroom observation measure. The goal of the measure was to assess the quality of reading instruction provided to first-grade English learners. We report the internal consistency reliability, interrater reliability, the development of empirically derived subscales,…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, English (Second Language), Reading Instruction, Teacher Effectiveness