This study explored the importance and teacher self-efficacy in presenting instruction of phonemic and phonological awareness. The problem addressed was many teachers lack the pedagogical content knowledge of phonemic and phonological awareness. The purpose of this collective case study was to examine the knowledge and self-efficacy of classroom teachers regarding the recognition and development of intervention strategies for phonological and phonemic awareness. The conceptual framework states that phonemic and phonological awareness are an essential part of the reading process. Still, many teachers do not have the skills required to identify deficits and provide interventions for students. Kindergarten and first-grade teachers were the participants in the study. The questions in the study were designed to show teacher experiences and knowledge of the reading process. A questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, and focus group were used to gather participant's data. The data was coded using open coding, followed by axial coding to substantiate the coding process. An intrinsic approach for data analysis was employed as only the context of the data was utilized in the study results. Findings in the study showed a clear correlation to the research questions. Research question 1 asked how teachers perceive phonemic and phonological awareness and Research question 2 asked about teacher self-efficacy. The themes that emerged showed that teachers are not as knowledgeable about these skills as they would like. Implications in the study showed an overwhelming concurrence that teachers want and need more training. The study allowed for recommendations for further research using different parameters and in different regions for classroom instruction, district-level support, and at the higher education and state levels to support teachers. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]