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Neba Afanwi Nfonsang – ProQuest LLC, 2022
This study used a propensity score approach to estimate treatment effects in a multilevel setting. The propensity score approach involves the estimation of propensity scores for covariate balancing and the estimation of treatment effects. This study aimed at understanding how propensity scores estimated through a simple logistic regression compare…
Descriptors: Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Scores, High School Students, Grade 10
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Early, Diane M.; Rogge, Ronald D.; Deci, Edward L. – High School Journal, 2014
This paper investigates engagement (E), alignment (A), and rigor (R) as vital signs of high-quality teacher instruction as measured by the EAR Classroom Visit Protocol, designed by the Institute for Research and Reform in Education (IRRE). Findings indicated that both school leaders and outside raters could learn to score the protocol with…
Descriptors: Educational Quality, Learner Engagement, Alignment (Education), Difficulty Level