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Jeong, Jongseong; Gaffney, Janet S.; Choi, Jin-Oh – Research in the Teaching of English, 2010
A sharp increase in the proportion of informational text with the corresponding expansion of cognitive demands and conceptual structures is a widely held explanation for the decline in reading achievement at the fourth-grade level. In this study, differences in the proportion of informational text across the second, third, and fourth grades were…
Descriptors: Grade 2, Grade 3, Grade 4, Classrooms
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Georgiou, George K.; Manolitsis, George; Nurmi, Jari-Erik; Parrila, Rauno – Contemporary Educational Psychology, 2010
We examined the importance of children's classroom activity, defined as task-focused versus task-avoidance behavior, on different literacy outcomes in an orthographically consistent language. Greek children (n=95) were tested in kindergarten, grade 1, and grade 2 on measures of general cognitive ability, phonological awareness, RAN, and short-term…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Kindergarten, Grade 1, Grade 2