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Akiko Kaizu; Munehisa Tamaki – Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 2024
This longitudinal study examined the effectiveness of a progress monitoring method, namely the Multilayer Instruction Model-Progress Monitoring (MIM-PM), which is a word reading fluency measure. It was used from 1st grade onward to predict the overall reading achievement of students in elementary school by tracking their reading achievement over…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Elementary School Students, Grade 2, Grade 4
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Biddlecomb, Barry; Carr, Martha – International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 2011
The purpose of this study was to determine whether patterns of strategy use in second, third and fourth grade children's arithmetic supported Steffe's model of numerical development. In addition to student-generated strategies, we looked at commonly taught algorithms not considered in Steffe's model to determine whether these algorithms reflected…
Descriptors: Grade 4, Grade 3, Grade 2, Arithmetic