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Baker, Doris Luft; Stoolmiller, Mike; Good, Roland H., III; Baker, Scott K. – School Psychology Review, 2011
We empirically examined the effect of reading comprehension on passage fluency in English and Spanish in the context of Cummins interdependence hypothesis (1979) and Perfetti's blueprint of the General Components of Reading (1999). Participants were 96 second-grade English learners being taught to read in Spanish and English. Measures in both…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Reading Fluency, Structural Equation Models, School Psychologists
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Walpole, Sharon; McKenna, Michael C.; Uribe-Zarain, Ximena; Lamitina, David – Elementary School Journal, 2010
In this study of 116 high-poverty schools, we explored teaching and coaching in grades K-3. We developed and validated observation protocols for both coaching and teaching. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were computed to identify and confirm factors that explained the protocol data. Three coaching factors were identified in both…
Descriptors: Poverty, Reading Aloud to Others, Structural Equation Models, Factor Structure