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Smiley, Patricia A.; Coulson, Sheri L.; Greene, Joelle K.; Bono, Katherine L. – Social Development, 2010
Individual differences in emotion, cognitions, and task choice following achievement failure are found among four- to seven-year-olds. However, neither performance deterioration during failure nor generalization after failure--aspects of the helpless pattern in 10-year-olds--have been reliably demonstrated in this age group. In the present study,…
Descriptors: Age, Individual Differences, Grade 2, Self Concept