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Stokes, Patricia D. – Journal of Mathematics Education at Teachers College, 2016
Experts think in patterns and structures using the specific "language" of their domains. For mathematicians, these patterns and structures are represented by numbers, symbols and their relationships (Stokes, 2014a). To determine whether elementary students in the United States could learn to think in mathematical patterns to solve…
Descriptors: Problem Solving, Expertise, Grade 2, Elementary School Mathematics
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Smith, Kenneth J. – Gifted Child Today, 2014
Research suggests that experts and beginners use qualitatively different writing processes when given the same text to write. Throughout their writing, experts tend to create a network of executive, structural, and content problems that they continually refine and coordinate as they bring the text to fruition. Novices, in contrast, tend to focus…
Descriptors: Problem Solving, Writing Processes, Elementary Education, Writing Skills