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Download full textRussakoff, Dale – Foundation for Child Development, 2011
In 1974, the United States Supreme Court ruled in "Lau v. Nichols" that 1,800 Chinese-speaking children in the San Francisco public schools were entitled to English-language instruction or other support to help them understand what was happening in their classrooms. Thirty-six years later, state and local responsibilities to public…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Achievement Gap, English (Second Language), Speech Communication
Direct linkShaw, Tommetta – ProQuest LLC, 2010
Increasing standardized test scores in reading and math is of high importance to the California Department of Education to meet requirements mandated by the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) act of 2001. More research is needed to understand the best ways to improve tests scores to meet concerns of the NCLB act. The purpose of the study was to evaluate…
Descriptors: Traditional Schools, Test Results, Immersion Programs, Federal Legislation
Conger, Dylan – Institute for Education and Social Policy, New York University, 2008
The No Child Left Behind Act requires schools to begin testing new English Learners (EL) in English language arts within three years after they enter school and holds schools accountable for their performance on these exams. Yet very little empirical work has examined exactly how long it takes EL students to become proficient in English and how…
Descriptors: Testing, Second Language Learning, Probability, Student Characteristics
Martinez, Gloria – ProQuest LLC, 2009
Public school educators in the United States are coping with the immigration of families from non-English speaking countries. Teachers are pressed by federal mandates to meet the challenges of increased cultural diversity and language deficiencies of students with new skills. This study explored the effectiveness of journaling between bilingual…
Descriptors: Federal Legislation, Focus Groups, Language of Instruction, Educational Improvement
