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Direct linkLyons, Josh D. P. – ProQuest LLC, 2019
Expectations for reading achievement in the state of Iowa require all students to be proficient by the end of third grade (ELI, 2012). This requires both teachers and principals serving elementary schools to improve reading achievement. Although teachers are proven to have the most immediate impact on student achievement, it is principals'…
Descriptors: Reading Achievement, Elementary Education, Administrator Role, Principals
Peer reviewedTienken, Christopher H. – Kappa Delta Pi Record, 2014
Out-of-school, community demographic and family-level variables have an important influence on student achievement as measured by large-scale standardized tests. Studies described here demonstrated that about half of the test score is accounted for by variables outside the control of teachers and school administrators. The results from these…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Standardized Tests, Predictor Variables, Validity
