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Muschkin, Clara G.; Ladd, Helen F.; Dodge, Kenneth A. – Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 2015
This study examines the community-wide effects of investments in two early childhood initiatives in North Carolina (Smart Start and More at Four) on the likelihood of a student being placed into special education. We take advantage of variation across North Carolina counties and years in the timing of the introduction and funding levels of the two…
Descriptors: Early Childhood Education, Special Education, Student Placement, Grade 3
Muschkin, Clara G.; Ladd, Helen F.; Dodge, Kenneth A. – National Center for Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Education Research (CALDER), 2015
This study examines the community-wide effects of investments in two early childhood initiatives in North Carolina (Smart Start and More at Four) on the likelihood of a student being placed into special education. We take advantage of variation across North Carolina counties and years in the timing of the introduction and funding levels of the two…
Descriptors: Special Education, Student Placement, Disability Identification, Grade 3
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Algozzine, Bob; Wang, Chuang; White, Richard; Cooke, Nancy; Marr, Mary Beth; Algozzine, Kate; Helf, Shawnna S.; Duran, Grace Zamora – Exceptional Children, 2012
This article addresses the effects of 3-tiered comprehensive reading and behavior interventions on K-3 student outcomes in 7 urban elementary schools with a high prevalence of students considered difficult to teach. Specific features of each level of the implementation are described including screening and tier placement procedures, scheduling and…
Descriptors: Disabilities, Emergent Literacy, Discipline, Program Effectiveness
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Wanzek, Jeanne; Vaughn, Sharon – Remedial and Special Education, 2011
Patterns of identification for special education services across three cohorts of students in kindergarten through third grade before and after implementation of a schoolwide, three-tier reading prevention model in one large school district are reported. The first cohort of students represents a historical control group that did not participate in…
Descriptors: Disabilities, Special Education, Student Placement, At Risk Students