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Averaging and Adding in Children's Worth Judgements
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Schlottmann, Anne; Harman, Rachel M.; Paine, Julie – Psicologica: International Journal of Methodology and Experimental Psychology, 2012
Under the normative Expected Value (EV) model, multiple outcomes are additive, but in everyday worth judgement intuitive averaging prevails. Young children also use averaging in EV judgements, leading to a disordinal, crossover violation of utility when children average the part worths of simple gambles involving independent events (Schlottmann,…
Descriptors: Task Analysis, Models, Children, Age Differences
The Primacy of Thinking about Possibilities in the Development of Reasoning
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Gauffroy, Caroline; Barrouillet, Pierre – Developmental Psychology, 2011
One of the main tenets of the mental model theory is that when individuals reason, they think about possibilities. According to this theory, reasoning on what is possible from the truth of a sentence would be psychologically basic, whereas reasoning the other way round, on the truth or falsity of a sentence from a given state of affairs, would…
Descriptors: Sentences, Grade 9, Cognitive Development, Child Development
Accumulating and Visualising Tacit Knowledge of Teachers on Educational Assessments
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Wang, Tzone-I.; Su, Chien-Yuan; Hsieh, Tung-Cheng – Computers & Education, 2011
Assessments, embedded with teachers' implicit (i.e. tacit) domain knowledge, play an important role in evaluating "comprehension of a subject". The knowledge on the importance of both the concepts and their relationships of a subject, if captured, made explicit, and shared around, may greatly help teachers construct more effective…
Descriptors: Natural Sciences, Foreign Countries, Grade 3, Methods
Working Memory Span Development: A Time-Based Resource-Sharing Model Account
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Barrouillet, Pierre; Gavens, Nathalie; Vergauwe, Evie; Gaillard, Vinciane; Camos, Valerie – Developmental Psychology, 2009
The time-based resource-sharing model (P. Barrouillet, S. Bernardin, & V. Camos, 2004) assumes that during complex working memory span tasks, attention is frequently and surreptitiously switched from processing to reactivate decaying memory traces before their complete loss. Three experiments involving children from 5 to 14 years of age…
Descriptors: Late Adolescents, Short Term Memory, Children, Experiments
The Influence of Reading Unit Size on the Development of Stroop Interference in Early Word Decoding
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Schwanenflugel, Paula J.; Morris, Robin D.; Kuhn, Melanie R.; Strauss, Gregory P.; Sieczko, Jennifer M. – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2008
The purpose of the experiments was to determine the automatic use of large or small word reading units in young readers in the absence of word decoding strategies. Picture-word Stroop interference was examined from four types of conflicting labels: (a) words containing both highly predictable grapheme-phoneme correspondence (GPC) units and highly…
Descriptors: Rhyme, Grade 3, Reading Skills, Grade 1
Young Children's Ability to Use the Balance Strategy to Solve for Unknowns
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Warren, Elizabeth; Cooper, Tom J. – Mathematics Education Research Journal, 2005
This article examines students' ability to use the balance model to solve for unknowns. A teaching experiment was conducted in four Year 3 classrooms. This experiment focused on exploring the application of the balance model as an analogue for representing equations and solving for unknowns. The teaching experiment promoted a shift by students…
Descriptors: Young Children, Grade 3, Elementary School Students, Nonverbal Ability