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Jo Al Khafaji-King – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2024
Background/Context/Setting: In the wake of growing evidence regarding the negative impacts of suspension on student outcomes, states and school districts have implemented disciplinary reforms, restricting or eliminating the use of suspension for minor misbehaviors. Recent evaluations of these reforms suggest that they have the potential to…
Descriptors: Discipline Policy, Suspension, At Risk Students, Students with Disabilities
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Umut Özek – Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2025
Public policies targeting individuals based on need often impose disproportionate burden on communities that lack the resources to implement these policies effectively. In an elementary school setting, I examine whether community-level interventions focusing on similar needs and providing resources to build capacity in these communities could…
Descriptors: Elementary Schools, Intervention, Capacity Building, Program Effectiveness
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Sofia Dueñas – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2023
Background: Over the last twenty years, retention has increased in popularity with policymakers who are concerned with student achievement and aim to end social promotion (i.e., the practice of advancing a student to the next grade level although they have not yet met the academic expectations of their current grade level). Despite calls to expand…
Descriptors: Grade 3, Educational Policy, Grade Repetition, Program Effectiveness
Matthew Koziol – ProQuest LLC, 2021
Mandatory grade retention for poor-performing readers has been a disputed practice for decades. Since the early-2000s, state-level mandatory grade retention policies have proliferated. In 18 states and Washington, D.C. mandatory grade retention exists for students in the third-grade who fail an end-of-year standardized reading exam. These policies…
Descriptors: Educational Policy, Grade Repetition, Reading Achievement, Program Effectiveness
Council of Chief State School Officers, 2019
Recognizing the critical importance of early literacy, the Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO) and the Center on Enhancing Early Learning Outcomes (CEELO) have both worked intensively with states on birth through third grade improvement strategies across literacy and other learning domains. Third grade reading laws are one strategy that…
Descriptors: Reading Instruction, Literacy Education, Grade 3, State Legislation
Perrault, Paul; Winters, Marcus – Manhattan Institute for Policy Research, 2020
Most studies of test-based promotion policies focus on measuring the effect of retention (being left back) on later student outcomes, and the evidence is fairly mixed. However, test-based promotion policies do not only affect the students who are retained. Presumably, they also affect students and schools as they try to improve reading performance…
Descriptors: Student Promotion, Student Evaluation, Tests, Grade Repetition
Umut Özek – Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University, 2024
Public policies targeting individuals based on need often impose disproportionate burden on communities that lack the resources to implement these policies effectively. In an elementary school setting, I examine whether community-level interventions focusing on similar needs and providing resources to build capacity in these communities could…
Descriptors: Elementary Schools, Intervention, Capacity Building, Extended School Day
Snow, Kyle – Region 8 Comprehensive Center, 2020
This brief arises from two distinct yet related activities currently underway within the Indiana Department of Education (IDOE). First, IDOE is preparing to review the state early learning standards. The idea for this brief arose initially in that context as a means of considering how to intentionally design and use early learning standards to…
Descriptors: State Policy, Educational Policy, Literacy, Grade 3
Vince A. Edwards – ProQuest LLC, 2021
As of 2021, eighteen states plus the District of Columbia have implemented legislation regarding mandatory test-based grade retention focusing on minimum reading proficiency levels (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2019) with many of those policies targeting the third-grade year. While grade retention has been largely viewed negatively…
Descriptors: Grade Repetition, Grade 3, Elementary School Students, Academic Achievement
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Williams, Rita; Hickman, Greg; Leggett, Carmen; Ricketts, Diane; Bryant, Misty; Gwaltney, Kesia – Journal of At-Risk Issues, 2022
Poverty has an enormous impact on children and their success in school. Children with low socioeconomic status often perform poorly in reading. Poor reading skills often lead to truancy, low rates of high school graduation, low-paying jobs, and cycles of illiteracy in generations of families. Secondary data was collected from the Tennessee…
Descriptors: Grade 3, Elementary School Students, Low Income Students, Lunch Programs
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Kisida, Brian; Goodwin, Laura; Bowen, Daniel H. – AERA Open, 2020
Faced with accountability pressures and limited resources, education policymakers make difficult choices regarding school curricula. In recent years, studies have documented a decreased emphasis in arts and humanities instruction. One potential way for schools to fill this gap includes partnering with arts and cultural organizations to provide…
Descriptors: History Instruction, Theater Arts, Teaching Methods, Program Effectiveness
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Diana Quintero – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2024
Background/Context: Students designated as English Learners (ELs) account for 10.4 percent of all students nationwide but have historically been provided unequal access to educational resources (Gándara et al., 2003; National Center for Education Statistics, 2023). Further, education policies are often blind to ELs' strengths and challenges,…
Descriptors: Grade Repetition, English Language Learners, Equal Education, Educational Policy
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Reed, Deborah K.; Cook, Kevin M.; Aloe, Ariel M. – Educational Policy, 2020
This study investigated the costs of different summer reading programs and compared costs to the benefits of summer school as a way to avoid retaining students not reading proficiently at the end of third grade. Per pupil costs ranged from US$1,665 to US$2,194. The average cost was US$1,887 (range: US$266-US$5,552) with 82% of overall expenses…
Descriptors: Cost Effectiveness, Reading Programs, Summer Programs, Summer Schools
Ladd, Helen F.; Muschkin, Clara G.; Dodge, Kenneth A. – National Center for Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Education Research (CALDER), 2015
This study examines the community-wide effects of two statewide early childhood policy initiatives in North Carolina. One initiative provides funding to improve the quality of child care services at the county level for all children between the ages of 0 to 5, and the other provides funding for preschool slots for disadvantaged four-year-olds.…
Descriptors: Program Effectiveness, Preschool Education, At Risk Students, Disadvantaged Youth
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Regional Educational Laboratory Southeast, 2020
In 2017 Georgia instituted a flexibility policy through which school districts enter into performance contracts with the state that grant districts waivers from state rules and allow schools and districts greater autonomy. In exchange, schools and districts must meet academic performance targets. The performance contracts are intended to…
Descriptors: Educational Policy, School Districts, Accountability, Performance Contracts
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