I will never forget March 13, 2020. There are events people remember for the rest of their lives (e.g., 9/11), and, for me, March 13, 2020, is one of those events. Life changed for almost everyone after March of 2020. Schools closed overnight, and teachers, parents, and students had to adapt to new ways to learn and to support students. This…

A Vygotskian approach to assessment is proposed by invoking the distinction between the development of lower and higher psychological functions. Higher psychological functions are specifically human and develop with the use of cultural tools via mediation. Accordingly, a distinction is made between tests that are based on association, which have…