The objective of this research was to analyze the causes and consequences of the systematic process of teaching and learning of the division of whole numbers, a study aimed at students and teachers of the 3rd and 4th level of basic education. For its development the qualitative paradigm was used through the modality of field research. As informants, twenty (20) students and two (2) teachers participated. All participants are enrolled in the 3rd and 4th level of the Giordano Bruno School located in the city of Quito, Ecuador. To collect the information, the observation technique and the semi-structured interview were used, and the instruments were subjected to a validity process, where the triangulation was applied. The results were analyzed to give an answer to the proposed objective of the manuscript, where the teaching-learning method applied to the students is presented as a critical-constructivist model, but in reality, a mechanic-academicist education system is used. It was evidenced that teachers shorten the logical processes of the division of whole numbers, by the time-space factor.