Taking the influence of various factors on the teaching effect of moral and social courses of primary school students as the research content, a unified examination was conducted on third-grade students from 413 primary schools in Kunming, and 1270 valid questionnaires were obtained from their teachers. A questionnaire was innovatively designed with 52 dimensions, and the data were analyzed using the SPSS big data analysis platform to find the most influential factors in the teaching and learning of moral and social courses and to propose suggestions for improving the teaching effectiveness of moral and social courses.