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Mathematical Communication in State Standards before the Common Core
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Kosko, Karl Wesley; Gao, Yang – Educational Policy, 2017
Mathematical communication has been an important feature of standards documents since National Council of Teachers of Mathematics' (NCTM) (1989) "Curriculum and Evaluation Standards." Such an emphasis has influenced content standards of states from then to present. This study examined how effective the prevalence of various forms of…
Descriptors: State Standards, Academic Standards, Communication (Thought Transfer), Mathematics Education
Multilevel Linkages between State Standards, Teacher Standards, and Student Achievement: Testing External versus Internal Standards-Based Education Models
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Lee, Jaekyung; Liu, Xiaoyan; Amo, Laura Casey; Wang, Weichun Leilani – Educational Policy, 2014
Drawing on national and state assessment datasets in reading and math, this study tested "external" versus "internal" standards-based education models. The goal was to understand whether and how student performance standards work in multilayered school systems under No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB). Under the…
Descriptors: State Standards, Academic Standards, Student Evaluation, Academic Achievement