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Jak, Suzanne; Oort, Frans J.; Dolan, Conor V. – Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2013
We present a test for cluster bias, which can be used to detect violations of measurement invariance across clusters in 2-level data. We show how measurement invariance assumptions across clusters imply measurement invariance across levels in a 2-level factor model. Cluster bias is investigated by testing whether the within-level factor loadings…
Descriptors: Statistical Bias, Measurement, Structural Equation Models, Hierarchical Linear Modeling
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Harring, Jeffrey R.; Weiss, Brandi A.; Hsu, Jui-Chen – Psychological Methods, 2012
Two Monte Carlo simulations were performed to compare methods for estimating and testing hypotheses of quadratic effects in latent variable regression models. The methods considered in the current study were (a) a 2-stage moderated regression approach using latent variable scores, (b) an unconstrained product indicator approach, (c) a latent…
Descriptors: Structural Equation Models, Geometric Concepts, Computation, Comparative Analysis