This study employed an alternating treatments design to compare the effects of two types of practice conditions on the subtraction fact fluency in a fifth-grade classroom. Eight, fifth-grade students participated in the study over a 5-week intervention period practicing addition and subtraction facts in a "fact families" condition (A +…

Interactions with technology have become a focus of education research, revealing specific constructs relevant to these interactions. Attributes of users and tools contribute to physically embodied interactions with technology and both users and tools modify attributes throughout these interactions. This study examines patterns of user-tool…